Indonesia merupakan negara penghasil tuna terbesar di dunia dengan kontribusi
sebesar 17 % atau 1,12 juta metrik ton (MT) terhadap total produksi tuna global tahun
2016. Demikian penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan parameter
oseanografi dengan penangkapan ikan tuna di perairan Indonesia serta kaitannya
dengan variabilitas iklim. Parameter oseanografi yang digunakan untuk memprediksi
zona penangkapan tuna yaitu klorofil-a, suhu permukaan laut, dan kedalaman.
Berdasarkan analisis statistik parameter oseanografi terhadap tangkapan didapatkan
korelasi bigeye tuna berada di tingkat hubungan kuat, sedangkan untuk frigate,
skipjack, yellowfin tuna dan mackarell-tunas-bonitos berada di tingkat hubungan
sangat kuat, sedangkan longtail tuna berada di tingkat hubungan rendah. Hasil Uji F,
parameter oseanografi berpengaruh terhadap tangkapan bigeye, frigate, skipjack,
yellowfin tuna dan mackarell-tunas-bonitos, sedangkan terhadap tangkapan longtail
tuna tidak berpengaruh nyata. Hasil Uji T, klorofil-a dan kedalaman berpengaruh
terhadap hasil tangkapan frigate tuna dan mackarell-tunas-bonitos. Sedangkan
kedalaman hanya berpengaruh terhadap hasil tangkapan bigeye, skipjack dan yellowfin
tuna. Sedangkan tidak ada yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap hasil tangkapan longtail
tuna. Daerah paling potensial untuk penangkapan bigeye, frigate dan longtail tuna ada
di perairan Eastern, sedangkan skipjack dan yellowfin tuna ada di perairan Indian.
Sedangkan mackarell-tunas-bonitos ada di perairan Central. Hasil analisis tahun 2016
rata-rata suhu permukaan laut tertinggi dan klorofil-a menurun bersamaan terjadinya
La Nina IOD (-), saat terjadinya El Nino IOD (+) suhu permukaan laut relatif rendah
dan klorofil-a meningkat. Saat fase normal tangkapan tuna cenderung menurun, tapi
fase El Nino tangkapan tuna meningkat namun saat fase La Nina terjadi penuruan dan
peningkatan tangkapan tuna.
Kata Kunci : Indonesia, Tangkapan Tuna, Oseanografi, Perubahan Iklim, Regresi
Linier Berganda.
Indonesia is the largest tuna fisheries country in the world, contributing 17% or 1.12
million metric tons (MT) to the total global tuna production in 2016. Thus, this study
aims to analyze the relationship between oceanographic parameters and tuna fishing
in Indonesian waters and their links to climate variability. The oceanographic
parameters used to predict the tuna fishing zone, namely chlorophyll-a, sea surface
temperature, and depth. Based on a statistical analysis of oceanographic parameters
on tuna yield, it was found that bigeye tuna correlation has a strong relationship, and
a very strong level of relationship was found for frigate, skipjack, yellowfin, and
mackerels, tunas, bonitos. On the other side, longtail tuna was at a low level of
relationship. F-tests show that oceanographic parameters significantly influence
bigeye, frigate, skipjack, yellowfin, and mackerel-tunas-bonitos yield, while the yield
of longtail tuna did not. Further, T-tests show that chlorophyll-a and depth
significantly impact the catches of frigate and mackerel-tunas-bonitos. The yields of
bigeye, skipjack, and yellowfin tuna are influenced by depth only, and no parameters
significantly affected longtail tuna yield. The most potential fishing area for catching
bigeye, frigate, and longtail tuna is in eastern waters and Indian waters for skipjack
and yellowfin tuna. Meanwhile, mackerel-tunas-bonitos are mainly found in central
waters. In 2016, the average sea surface temperature was highest, and chlorophyll-a
decreased along with La Nina IOD (-); during El Nino IOD (+), sea surface
temperature was relatively low, and chlorophyll-a increased. When the normal phase,
tuna catches tend to decrease, but tuna catches increase during the El Nino phase.
Meanwhile, during the La Nina phase, tuna catches fluctuation.
Keywords : Indonesia, Tuna Catch, Oceanography, Climate Change, Multiple Linear
Regression.
URI
https://repo.itera.ac.id/depan/submission/SB2304110002
Keyword